The survey was conducted by Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation and sociological service of the Razumkov Center from 11 till 16 May 2016. 2016 respondents aged 18 and older were interviewed in all regions of Ukraine except for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Theoretical sampling deviation does not exceed 2,3%.
Environmental part of the survey was conducted at the request of International charitable foundation “Environment-People-Law”.
- Ukrainian population defined as the most pressing environmental problems pollution of the environment with solid domestic waste (42%) and pollution of ambient air with emissions (39%). However, in comparison with the last year’s survey, these problems pose serious concern for fewer people. Next in the priority rating go problems of deforestation and poor quality of water that are important for 37% of respondents. Considerably smaller segment of population is concerned about consequences of the Chornobyl disaster (33%) and global problem of climate change (28%).
- Majority of Ukrainian population do not see environmental component as an indispensable component of the concept of “sustainable development”. Instead, people understand sustainable development mainly as a result of economy or GDP growth (47%). Last year such understanding of “sustainable development” was shared by 52% of respondents. Moreover, over the year increased the share of those who understand the notion of “sustainable development” as “balanced interests of economy, environment and society” – 34% versus 27% last year.
- Regarding the question whether economic growth is possible without causing harm to the environment opinions divided like this: 46% of respondents believe it is possible, while 41% say no. 13% of respondents could not answer the question at all. It is noteworthy that in the West and Central Ukraine in the possibility of economic growth without harming the environment believe significantly more people (57% and 48% respectively) than in the South and in Donbas (37%).
- Assessment of the environmental situation at the local level is cautiously optimistic: 68% of respondents define it as completely satisfactory (13%) or at least as normal (55%). At the same time, a quarter of respondents (25%) consider the environmental situation in their area (city / village) not favorable, while 3% describe it as a crisis or critical one. In terms of regional differences, the inhabitants of the West, Central and Southern Ukraine assess the environmental situation significantly better than the residents of the East and Donbass.
- In the context of understanding by Ukrainian population of the notion of “environmental rights”, it is important to note relative negligence of democratic and legal aspects of the concept. The vast majority of people, though somewhat less compared to last year, understand environmental rights purely as a right to “safe for life and health environment” (67%). Considerably smaller share of Ukrainians understand the concept of “environmental rights” as free access to reliable information about the state of the environment (37%). Participation of people in development and implementation of measures to protect the environment or participation in discussion of issues that may affect environmental situation were noted in the context of “environmental rights” by only 34% of respondents. Even fewer respondents understand “environmental rights” as the right to judicial review of violations of environmental rights and appeal of actions or omissions of public officials (25% and 24% respectively). Finally, 23% of respondents see the “environmental rights” first of all as the right to unite people in environmental non-governmental organizations, while 19% see it as the right to free access to reliable information about the state of the environment.
- Obviously, the Ukrainian society lacks established tradition of protection of environmental rights equally with other rights. These are the answers of almost of a third of respondents who admitted that will not appeal anywhere in case of violation of their rights to a healthy and safe environment (31%). About a quarter of the respondents intend to appeal primarily to the media (26%) and slightly fewer to local authorities (24%). It is noteworthy that about 14% of respondents in case of violation of their environmental rights plan to appeal primarily to NGOs. However, the smallest segment of respondents consider it appropriate to apply to law enforcement bodies of Ukraine: the court (16%), the police (10%) or the Prosecutor’s office (7%).
- The survey showed extremely low level of involvement of citizens in environmental initiatives or movements. Thus, only about 2% of the population of Ukraine claimed to be active participants in environmental movements. Lack of any experience of participation in such movements or initiatives generally reported 82% (last year the figure was about 90%). However, among those who do not have experience of participation in environmental movements, 28% of respondents expressed a desire to join such initiatives in the future.
- A positive signal is willingness of the population of Ukraine to take in everyday household life some steps that can positively impact the environment or at least limit the negative impact on it. These steps include economizing electricity and water (71% of respondents), nearly half of all respondents are willing to buy energy efficient appliances (47%) and insulate their own houses or apartments (52%). Slightly increased the proportion of those who are willing to improve the environmental situation by segregating household wastes – 45% versus 41% last year. We can assume that the popularity of some of the above mentioned measures is motivated not so much by deep environmental convictions but rather by economic considerations, and is related primarily to the need to save costs of housing and communal services as the fees in Ukraine significantly increased in recent years.
- Ambiguous conclusions can be drawn from the survey results regarding environmental culture in Ukraine. On the one hand, the vast majority of respondents – 63% – claim to take away all the rubbish if they go outside (to the forest, near a river, lake, etc.). However, on the other hand, more than 43% of respondents confessed that they burn dry vegetation, foliage and household waste near their homes and in this way pollute the atmosphere.
Survey results
1. What is “sustainable development” for you? Choose one option.
| 1. Balanced interests of economy, environment and society in the course of decision–making regarding new construction projects | 33,7 |
| 2. Constant growth of economy and gross domestic product (GDP) | 47,3 |
| 3. Lack of changes | 6,5 |
| 4. Other | 2,1 |
| 5. Undecided | 10,4 |
2. How do you understand the notion «environmental safety»? Choose one option
| 1. It is a term from science | 13,7 |
| 2. It is a term from industry | 13,0 |
| 3. It is a definition of such a state of environment that guarantees prevention of deterioration of environmental situation and human health. | 66,6 |
| 4. Undecided | 6,6 |
3. Do you think economic growth of a country is possible without causing harm to the environment?
| 1 – yes, economic growth is possible without causing harm to the environment | 46,0 |
| 2 – no, economic growth is always harmful for the environment | 40,9 |
| 3 – undecided | 13,1 |
4. What environmental problems of the region/country do you personally care about? (name three major problems)
| 28,1 |
| 39,1 |
| 8,4 |
| 42,2 |
| 33,0 |
| 36,5 |
| 11,8 |
| 36,7 |
| 11,9 |
| 14,7 |
| 8,5 |
| 1,4 |
| 3,1 |
5. Do you think the environmental situation in your village/city/country has impact on your life and health?
| 1 – yes, serious impact | 24,0 |
| 2 – yes, some impact | 52,1 |
| 3 – almost no impact | 18,6 |
| 4 – undecided | 5,4 |
6. How would you define the environmental situation in your village/city?
| 1 – absolutely safe | 13,2 |
| 2 – in general normal althrough there are certain reasons for concern | 55,1 |
| 3 – generally unsafe | 25,0 |
| 4 – critical, crisis | 3,0 |
| 5 – undecided | 3,6 |
7. What is the meaning of “environmental rights” for you? (tick any relevant answer)
1 – environment that is safe for health and life 67,0 2 – public participation in discussion of issues of construction and reconstruction of objects that may have impact on the environment, making proposals for public authorities 34,0 3 – public participation in development and realization of environmental protection measures, rational use of natural resources; 34,0 4 – people unite in nature protecting organizations 23,1 5 – free access to true information on the state of environment 36,9 6 – free access to environmental education and knowledge 18,5 7 – the right to address the court with suits demanding compensation of harm caused to their health and property as a result of adverse impact on the environment; 24,9 8 – the right to challenge in court decisions, actions or omissions of authorities and officials regarding violation of environmental rights of citizens; 24,1 9 – undecided 8,1
8. Whom will you address in case of violation of your right to healthy and safe environment? (tick everything relevant)
1 – court 16,1 2 – the police 10,1 3 – prosecutor’s office 7,2 4 – local authorities 23,7 5 – our member of the Parliament 5,8 6 – our deputy in the local council 10,7 7 – mass media 25,6 8 –NGO 14,4 9 – other 2,4 10 – I will not address anyone 30,7 11 – undecided 12,2
9. Have you had any experience of participation in environmental movements?
1 – yes, I am an active participant of environmental movement 1,6 2 – sometimes I participated in some environmental activities, sometimes helped to organize them 15,7 3 – no. I do not have any experience of participation in environmental movements but I would like to join some movement 28,4 4 – no, I don’t have any experience of participation in environmental movements and I do not want to join one because it is ineffective 54,0 No answer 0,2
10. What activities enumerated below you personally are ready to perform? (tick everything you consider relevant)
- Insulate house/flat
51,5 - Buy energy saving equipment
46,9 - Switch off electricity/water/electric devices when they are not in use
71,1 - Economize paper
33,2 - Stop using plastic bags and packages and use paper, glass, textile, metal packaging instead
31,4 - Prefer railway transport to automobile transport
13,5 - Prefer goods produced from recycled materials
14,8 - Not buy species from the Red Book of Ukraine (snowdrops)
33,7 - Segregate domestic waste
44,9 - Dispose safely electronic waste
29,6 - Stop visiting dolphinariums/circuses, taking photos with animals and other acts of exploitation of animals
15,7 - Participate in public works (cleaning parks, forests, water objects, planting trees)
33,9 - Use environmentally safe personal care products (soap, toothpaste, detergents, biologically degradable plastic packaging)
31,8 - Provide co–funding for solution of local environmental problems
5,6 - Other
2,5 - Undecided
5,8
11. What do you do with waste after spending time outdoors (in forest, at a lake)?
| 1 – leave it there | 1,3 |
| 2 – burn it there | 14,5 |
| 3 – take it away and place it into a rubbish-bin | 62,7 |
| 4 – throw into a river | 0,1 |
| 5 – other | 1,5 |
| 6 – I do not spend time outdoors | 18,7 |
| Undecided | 1,2 |
12. Do you burn dry vegetation, domestic waste near your house, in your yard?
| 1 – yes | 43,2 |
| 2 – no | 56,0 |
| No answer | 0,8 |
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
1. What is “sustainable development” for you?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1. Balanced interests of economy, environment and society in the course of decision–making regarding new construction projects | 30.8 | 30.9 | 32.1 | 28.6 | 50.7 |
| 2. Constant growth of economy and gross domestic product (GDP) | 54.2 | 44.7 | 49.3 | 59.2 | 28.6 |
| 3. Lack of changes | 6.3 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| 4. Other | 2.1 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.8 |
| 5. Undecided | 6.6 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 4.9 | 11.0 |
2. How do you understand the notion «environmental safety”?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1. It is a term from science | 9.7 | 22.4 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 8.8 |
| 2. It is a term from industry | 8.3 | 11.4 | 14.2 | 19.5 | 14.4 |
| 3. It is a definition of such a state of environment that guarantees prevention of deterioration of environmental situation and human health. | 78.2 | 57.9 | 64.2 | 69.2 | 68.8 |
| 4. Undecided | 3.8 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 2.6 | 8.0 |
3. Do you think economic growth of a country is possible without causing harm to the environment?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – yes, economic growth is possible without causing harm to the environment | 56.6 | 48.3 | 36.7 | 43.0 | 36.7 |
| 2 – no, economic growth is always harmful for the environment | 32.8 | 39.7 | 43.6 | 45.2 | 47.0 |
| 3 – undecided | 10.5 | 12.0 | 19.7 | 11.8 | 16.2 |
4. What environmental problems of the region/country do you personally care about?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 20.8 | 37.5 | 33.6 | 20.2 | 23.2 |
| 37.6 | 33.3 | 41.7 | 54.9 | 33.6 |
| 6.2 | 9.8 | 5.8 | 10.5 | 7.6 |
| 50.7 | 37.2 | 40.3 | 51.5 | 32.5 |
| 31.2 | 42.6 | 30.8 | 26.7 | 23.4 |
| 30.7 | 30.6 | 42.3 | 49.4 | 37.9 |
| 12.7 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 10.7 |
| 51.3 | 37.4 | 35.9 | 21.5 | 34.0 |
| 7.6 | 6.8 | 13.6 | 4.8 | 35.6 |
| 13.5 | 14.6 | 17.1 | 13.5 | 16.0 |
| 14.0 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 |
| 1.6 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 2.8 |
| 2.3 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 3.9 |
5. Do you think the environmental situation in your village/city/country has impact on your life and health?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – yes, serious impact | 24.2 | 21.2 | 27.1 | 29.7 | 20.7 |
| 2 – yes, some impact | 43.9 | 60.5 | 56.3 | 45.0 | 50.0 |
| 3 – almost no impact | 29.9 | 12.8 | 8.9 | 19.8 | 21.0 |
| 4 – undecided | 1.9 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 8.3 |
6. How would you define the environmental situation in your village/city?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – absolutely safe | 19.4 | 13.3 | 6.3 | 10.2 | 13.0 |
| 2 – in general normal althrough there are certain reasons for concern | 59.8 | 58.8 | 62.8 | 48.7 | 43.4 |
| 3 – generally unsafe | 16.3 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 31.2 | 37.1 |
| 4 – critical, crisis | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 6.5 | 2.6 |
| 5 – undecided | 1.7 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
7. What is the meaning of “environmental rights” for you?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – environment that is safe for health and life | 67.7 | 65.2 | 70.8 | 67.3 | 68.4 |
| 2 – public participation in discussion of issues of construction and reconstruction of objects that may have impact on the environment, making proposals for public authorities | 35.7 | 29.3 | 45.9 | 29.2 | 40.4 |
| 3 – public participation in development and realization of environmental protection measures, rational use of natural resources; | 35.6 | 33.1 | 42.1 | 34.2 | 28.7 |
| 4 – people unite in nature protecting organizations | 24.5 | 21.0 | 26.3 | 21.7 | 25.7 |
| 5 – free access to true information on the state of environment | 43.0 | 26.7 | 42.5 | 42.6 | 40.9 |
| 6 – free access to environmental education and knowledge | 17.9 | 15.4 | 21.0 | 25.7 | 15.9 |
| 7 – the right to address the court with suits demanding compensation of harm caused to their health and property as a result of adverse impact on the environment; | 30.8 | 15.2 | 22.8 | 36.2 | 26.3 |
| 8 – the right to challenge in court decisions, actions or omissions of authorities and officials regarding violation of environmental rights of citizens; | 26.6 | 14.5 | 37.0 | 26.0 | 30.9 |
| 9 – undecided | 5.4 | 9.7 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 12.5 |
8. Whom will you address in case of violation of your right to healthy and safe environment?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – court | 21.4 | 9.8 | 29.6 | 17.2 | 12.5 |
| 2 – the police | 16.1 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 5.1 |
| 3 – prosecutor’s office | 6.4 | 2.3 | 16.9 | 7.1 | 12.2 |
| 4 – local authorities | 39.2 | 19.0 | 34.0 | 15.5 | 16.9 |
| 5 – our member of the Parliament | 3.8 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 10.9 |
| 6 – our deputy in the local council | 11.7 | 6.8 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 11.8 |
| 7 – mass media | 31.4 | 21.9 | 24.7 | 19.1 | 34.9 |
| 8 –NGO | 15.8 | 12.4 | 10.8 | 13.8 | 20.2 |
| 9 – other | 0.7 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 2.4 |
| 10 – I will not address anyone | 22.6 | 33.5 | 17.7 | 39.6 | 34.3 |
| 11 – undecided | 9.5 | 12.3 | 17.6 | 14.7 | 9.1 |
9. Have you had any experience of participation in environmental movements?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – yes, I am an active participant of environmental movement | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
| 2 – sometimes I participated in some environmental activities, sometimes helped to organize them | 13.4 | 10.8 | 21.3 | 11.0 | 31.2 |
| 3 – no. I do not have any experience of participation in environmental movements but I would like to join some movement | 33.6 | 31.5 | 25.0 | 31.0 | 14.9 |
| 4 – no, I don’t have any experience of participation in environmental movements and I do not want to join one because it is ineffective | 51.3 | 55.4 | 52.6 | 57.5 | 52.1 |
10. What activities enumerated below you personally are ready to perform?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 53.9 | 50.7 | 47.2 | 43.7 | 62.5 |
| 46.1 | 45.9 | 37.4 | 42.0 | 62.5 |
| 69.8 | 66.3 | 71.6 | 76.8 | 76.4 |
| 20.6 | 33.9 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 45.1 |
| 34.2 | 30.0 | 32.9 | 26.5 | 35.7 |
| 9.3 | 13.8 | 18.3 | 16.9 | 11.3 |
| 17.3 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 11.1 |
| 29.3 | 30.6 | 36.2 | 35.2 | 43.0 |
| 43.3 | 44.6 | 46.4 | 45.9 | 45.7 |
| 31.4 | 26.9 | 24.8 | 30.5 | 35.5 |
| 15.3 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
| 36.0 | 25.5 | 42.4 | 35.0 | 42.5 |
| 30.3 | 26.3 | 31.3 | 36.9 | 40.1 |
| 4.8 | 5.5 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 6.9 |
| 1.0 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 3.6 |
| 3.0 | 9.2 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
11. What do you do with waste after spending time outdoors (in forest, at a lake)?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| 1 – leave it there | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 0.7 |
| 2 – burn it there | 13.3 | 16.4 | 12.9 | 10.6 | 18.8 |
| 3 – take it away and place it into a rubbish-bin | 70.9 | 61.1 | 61.6 | 60.8 | 63.3 |
| 4 – throw into a river | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| 5 – other | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
| 6 – I do not spend time outdoors | 13.4 | 20.2 | 24.8 | 22.5 | 15.4 |
12. Do you burn dry vegetation, domestic waste near your house, in your yard?
| West | Center | South | East | Donbas | |
| yes | 52.6 | 39.8 | 35.6 | 52.2 | 34.8 |
| no | 47.4 | 60.2 | 64.4 | 47.8 | 65.2 |
Dynamics of public opinion
1. What is “sustainable development” for you? Choose one option.
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1. Balanced interests of economy, environment and society in the course of decision–making regarding new construction projects | 26,6 | 33,7 |
| 2. Constant growth of economy and gross domestic product (GDP) | 52,1 | 47,3 |
| 3. Lack of changes | 6,5 | 6,5 |
| 4. Other | 0,3 | 2,1 |
| 5. Undecided | 14,5 | 10,4 |
2. How do you understand the notion «environmental safety»? Choose one option
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1. It is a term from science | 7,9 | 13,7 |
| 2. It is a term from industry | 11,5 | 13,0 |
| 3. It is a definition of such a state of environment that guarantees prevention of deterioration of environmental situation and human health. | 70,1 | 66,6 |
| 4. Undecided | 10,5 | 6,6 |
3. Do you think economic growth of a country is possible without causing harm to the environment?
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1 – yes, economic growth is possible without causing harm to the environment | 43,0 | 46,0 |
| 2 – no, economic growth is always harmful for the environment | 38,7 | 40,9 |
| 3 – undecided | 18,3 | 13,1 |
4. What environmental problems of the region/country do you personally care about? (name three major problems)
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 27,8 | 28,1 |
| 43,8 | 39,1 |
| 10,4 | 8,4 |
| 59,0 | 42,2 |
| 32,3 | 33,0 |
| 42,3 | 36,5 |
| 14,9 | 11,8 |
| 29,1 | 36,7 |
| – | 11,9 |
| – | 14,7 |
| – | 8,5 |
| 1,1 | 1,4 |
| 2,0 | 3,1 |
5. Do you think the environmental situation in your village/city/country has impact on your life and health?
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1 – yes, serious impact | 22,6 | 24,0 |
| 2 – yes, some impact | 56,1 | 52,1 |
| 3 – almost no impact | 17,0 | 18,6 |
| 4 – undecided | 4,3 | 5,4 |
6. How would you define the environmental situation in your village/city?
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1 – absolutely safe | 9,3 | 13,2 |
| 2 – in general normal althrough there are certain reasons for concern | 61,5 | 55,1 |
| 3 – generally unsafe | 21,8 | 25,0 |
| 4 – critical, crisis | 4,7 | 3,0 |
| 5 – undecided | 2,7 | 3,6 |
7. What is the meaning of “environmental rights” for you? (tick any relevant answer)
July 2015 May 2016 1 – environment that is safe for health and life 71,6 67,0 2 – public participation in discussion of issues of construction and reconstruction of objects that may have impact on the environment, making proposals for public authorities 31,2 34,0 3 – public participation in development and realization of environmental protection measures, rational use of natural resources; 29,9 34,0 4 – people unite in nature protecting organizations 21,4 23,1 5 – free access to true information on the state of environment 34,5 36,9 6 – free access to environmental education and knowledge 15,5 18,5 7 – the right to address the court with suits demanding compensation of harm caused to their health and property as a result of adverse impact on the environment; 25,8 24,9 8 – the right to challenge in court decisions, actions or omissions of authorities and officials regarding violation of environmental rights of citizens; 28,9 24,1 9 – undecided 7,9 8,1
8. Whom will you address in case of violation of your right to healthy and safe environment? (tick everything relevant)
July2015 May 2016 1 – court 19,2 16,1 2 – the police 11,9 10,1 3 – prosecutor’s office 11,7 7,2 4 – local authorities 20,3 23,7 5 – our member of the Parliament 5,9 5,8 6 – our deputy in the local council 11,1 10,7 7 – mass media 22,5 25,6 8 –NGO 11,4 14,4 9 – other 1,1 2,4 10 – I will not address anyone 29,6 30,7 11 – undecided 14,9 12,2
9. Have you had any experience of participation in environmental movements?
July2015 May 2016 1 – yes, I am an active participant of environmental movement 1,1 1,6 2 – sometimes I participated in some environmental activities, sometimes helped to organize them 8,3 15,7 3 – no. I do not have any experience of participation in environmental movements but I would like to join some movement 89,7 28,4 4 – no, I don’t have any experience of participation in environmental movements and I do not want to join one because it is ineffective 54,0 Undecided 1,0 0,2
10. What activities enumerated below you personally are ready to perform? (tick everything you consider relevant)
July2015 May 2016 - Insulate house/flat
51,3 51,5 - Buy energy saving equipment
45,5 46,9 - Switch off electricity/water/electric devices when they are not in use
72,6 71,1 - Economize paper
– 33,2 - Stop using plastic bags and packages and use paper, glass, textile, metal packaging instead
– 31,4 - Prefer railway transport to automobile transport
15,3 13,5 - Prefer goods produced from recycled materials
– 14,8 - Not buy species from the Red Book of Ukraine (snowdrops)
26,1 33,7 - Segregate domestic waste
41,3 44,9 - Dispose safely electronic waste
29,4 29,6 - Stop visiting dolphinariums/circuses, taking photos with animals and other acts of exploitation of animals
11,7 15,7 - Participate in public works (cleaning parks, forests, water objects, planting trees)
32,1 33,9 - Use environmentally safe personal care products (soap, toothpaste, detergents, biologically degradable plastic packaging)
35,1 31,8 - Provide co–funding for solution of local environmental problems
– 5,6 - Other
0,7 2,5 - Undecided
5,1 5,8
11. What do you do with waste after spending time outdoors (in forest, at a lake)?
| July2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1 – leave it there | 0,8 | 1,3 |
| 2 – burn it there | 13,7 | 14,5 |
| 3 – take it away and place it into a rubbish-bin | 51,2 | 62,7 |
| 4 – throw into a river | 0,2 | 0,1 |
| 5 – other | 0,7 | 1,5 |
| 6 – I do not spend time outdoors | 18,3 | 18,7 |
| Undecided | 3,5 | 1,2 |
12. Do you burn dry vegetation, domestic waste near your house, in your yard?
| July 2015 | May 2016 | |
| 1 – yes | 49,6 | 43,2 |
| 2 – no | 50,3 | 56,0 |
| Undecided | 0,1 | 0,8 |
